![]() Words that start with an M are machine codes, and they turn machine functions like coolant, spindle, and clamps on or off. That word (remember: a word is a little piece of code) didn’t start with a G, but it’s still G-code. For example, M03 is a modal code that will run a spindle indefinitely until you tell it to stop with M05. This looping process uses modal code, which acts until you either turn it off or modify it with another modal code. Like other programming languages, G-code can repeat an action indefinitely until stopped. For example, the G-code program below encompasses all of the code blocks above with repeating sections where needed: Modals and Address Codes In practice, you will typically rinse and repeat steps 2 through 9. This flow is a simple program using only one tool for one operation. Move away from the part to a safe location.To achieve this, you’ll typically find G-code blocks arranged in a particular order like this: The goal of every G-code program is to produce parts in the safest and most efficient way possible. Each set of instructions is on a separate line or a block. Your CNC machine will then read the code one line at a time from left to right and top to bottom, like reading a book. Multiple lines of G-code like these combine to form a complete CNC program. X1/Y1 – Move to these X and Y coordinates.In this single line, we’re giving the machine a series of instructions: Take, for example, this line of code: G01 X1 Y1 F20 T01 M03 S500 Because of this memory limitation, G-code is an extremely compact and concise language that might almost seem archaic at first glance. The G-code standard was published back in the days when machines had small amounts of memory. We’ll be walking through the basics, but you never know if your machine might have taken a slightly different path to the same end destination. When in doubt, always refer to your CNC machine’s documentation as you work through the rest of this article. Another machine without this adjustment capability won’t require that G-code. You’ll need a set of G-code commands that can enable or disable this rotation. Take one machine that can process a coordinate system rotation based on probe inputs. Why the difference in G-code flavors? It really comes down to the capabilities of each machine. Because of this difference in G-code flavors, it’s imperative to understand how your own machine uses G-code. ![]() ![]() We’re all be eating ice cream at the end of the day, but a Haas might be strawberry flavored, and a Tormach might be chocolate flavored. While G-code is supposed to be a universal standard, you’ll find that many CNC machine companies have developed their own unique flavor. Why? Many of the words, or individual pieces of code, that make up this machine-based language start with the letter G. While the official language was documented as RS-274D, you’ll hear everyone refer to it as G-code. G-code was first established in the 1960s by the Electronics Industry Association (EIA). ![]() At the heart of this automated manufacturing process is a set of instructions that tells a CNC machine where – and how – to move. Manufacturers all around the world use CNC programming to control a machine’s tools to produce parts. In this article, we’ll be talking about the core component of every CNC program – G-code. Even as new manufacturing technologies unfold, the fundamentals for how parts are machined with a CNC program will stay with you forever. The same holds true for CNC machine programming. You know what they say about fundamentals: learn them first, and you’ll remember them forever.
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